Mental and Emotional Health
Health Conditions we treat
Addiction
Addictions refer to a series of addiction syndromes that appear when smoking cessation, drug cessation, and alcohol cessation.
Acupuncture treatment of smoking cessation syndrome and detoxification syndrome. A set of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may occur after repeated use of substances (such as alcohol or drugs). It is characterized by a desire for the substance used, impaired self-control, and continues to use it despite harmful consequences. It is preferred to use the substance compared with other activities or duties, with increased tolerance, and physical withdrawal when stopping. The occurrence of this disease may involve a certain substance (such as tobacco, alcohol, or diazepam), a certain type of substance (such as opioids), or a wider range of psychoactive substances with different pharmacological properties. Same: Dependence syndrome. See chronic alcoholism; addiction; substance use disorder.
Smoking cessation syndrome refers to a series of weakness, irritability, yawning, tasteless tongue, and even poor mood, chest tightness, anxiety, and dullness after smoking cessation of smoking tobacco products containing nicotine for a long time. Symptoms of addiction. Smoking damages the human body’s breathing, cardiovascular, and nervous systems to varying degrees. It is responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality of many diseases such as cancer, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and liver cirrhosis. One of the important reasons.
Traditional Chinese medicine can be used to treat alcohol dependence with “Return to Yuan Addiction Therapy”. Alcohol-dependent patients generally have poor physical fitness and suffer from malnutrition. Therefore, Chinese medicine should be used to comprehensively regulate the functions of the body’s internal organs and improve physical health. If the patient has gastritis Patients with abnormal liver function should undergo gastrointestinal function conditioning and hepatoprotective treatment. At the same time, drug stimulation is used to establish aversion protection, so that when the patient drinks again, nausea, vomiting, and other undesirable stimuli will occur, which will make the patient aversion to alcohol, and finally achieve The purpose of not drinking.
Treatment:
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be used for the internal treatment of this symptom, External treatments include acupuncture and massage.
acupuncture raises the level of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers, in the nervous system, and cravings and withdrawal symptoms can be alleviated by raising endorphin levels.
Anxiety
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.
Anxiety, also known as anxiety neurosis, is the most common type of neurosis, which is mainly characterized by the experience of anxiety
Clinical manifestations
1. Chronic anxiety (generalized anxiety)
(1) Emotional symptoms In the absence of obvious incentives, patients often experience excessive worry and nervousness that are inconsistent with the actual situation. Such nervousness and fear often have no clear object and content. The patient feels that he has been in an inner experience of nervousness, anxiety, fear, fear, and anxiety.
(2) Autonomic symptoms: Dizziness, chest tightness, palpitation, shortness of breath, dry mouth, frequent urination, urgency, sweating, tremor, and other physical symptoms.
(3) Motility restlessness, restlessness, restlessness, irritability, it is difficult to calm down.
2. Acute anxiety (panic attack)
(1) Sense of death or loss of control In normal daily life, patients are almost the same as normal people. Once the attack occurs (some have a specific triggering situation, such as a closed space, etc.), the patient suddenly experiences extreme fear and experiences a sense of near death or loss of control.
(2) Symptoms of the autonomic nervous system appear at the same time, such as chest tightness, palpitation, difficulty breathing, sweating, and trembling all over the body.
(3) It usually lasts from a few minutes to several hours. The attack starts suddenly, and the consciousness is clear at the time of the attack.
(4) It is easy to be misdiagnosed. Although the patient seems to have severe symptoms, most of the relevant examination results are normal, so the diagnosis is often unclear. After the attack, the patient is still extremely fearful and worried about his condition, and often goes to various departments in major hospitals to undergo various examinations, but cannot be diagnosed. It not only delayed treatment but also caused a waste of medical resources.
Acupuncture stimulates the body’s natural feel-good hormones and reduces the level of stress hormones like cortisol. It can therefore be an appropriate treatment for anxiety.
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be used for the internal treatment of this symptom, External treatments include acupuncture and massage.
Research has shown that classic TCM he
Chronic fatigue syndrome
A complex disorder causing extreme tiredness unrelieved by rest, often accompanied by muscle pain, sleep disturbances, and concentration issues.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is also known as a yuppie, chronic Burkitt lymphoma virus (EBV), chronic mononuclear leukaemia, and so on. It is a disease in which the body has symptoms of chronic fatigue. The specific definition is long-term (continuously more than 6 months) unexplained intensity fatigue or physical discomfort.
1. Psychological aspects
In patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, sometimes psychological abnormalities appear earlier than physical symptoms, and they are more conspicuous. Most of the manifestations are depression, anxiety or irritability, irritability, emotional instability, bad temper, confusion of thoughts, slow response, decreased memory, inability to concentrate, lack of confidence in doing things, and indecision.
2. Physical aspect
Body shape: The body shape of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome is often thin and fat. It should be said that most of them are body wasting, but it cannot be ruled out that a few may show obesity. The latter type of chronic fatigue syndrome is not uncommon in modern society. Facial appearance is mostly premature ageing, dull complexion, facial wrinkles or pigment spots appear prematurely; limb skin is rough, dry, and more desquamated; nails lose their normal smoothness and lustre; hair falls off, smudge, Easily Broken, lost light.
3. Movement system
The whole body is exhausted, the limbs are weak, the entire body is unwell, and the activities are slow. Sometimes cold-like symptoms such as myalgia, joint pain, etc. may appear. If it takes a long time and accumulates for several months or years, the performance is particularly obvious, and there may be a sense of serious illness.
4. Digestive system
It was mainly manifested as loss of appetite, and lack of appetite for various foods, especially greasy ones. No hunger, sometimes a partial eclipse, indigestion, abdominal distension after eating; changes in stool shape, constipation, dryness or increased stool frequency, etc.
5. Nervous system
Shows a lack of energy or nervousness, often dizziness, insomnia, palpitation, irritability, etc. in the early stage; in the later stage, it manifests as lack of sleep, dreaminess, night terrors, early awakening, insomnia, etc., even lethargy, lethargy, laziness, memory loss, And other symptoms.
6. The genitourinary system
Accompanied by mental disorders, urinary symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency can occur. In addition, people who are extremely tired are most likely to foam when urinating in the container, and the foam stays for a long time. Reproductive system symptoms include spermatorrhea, impotence, premature ejaculation, and loss of libido in men; irregular menstruation or premature amenorrhea, and frigidity in women. In the long run, infertility may occur.
7. Sensory system aspect
In the visual system, it is mainly manifested as eye pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light; in the auditory system, it is mainly manifested as tinnitus and hearing loss.
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be used for the internal treatment of this symptom, External treatments include acupuncture and massage.
TCM modalities like acupuncture, Chinese herbs, and moxibustion, can help relieve fatigue, depression, mental fogginess, poor sleep, and other symptoms of CFS. If you or someone you love has been feeling exhausted for months without improvement, it may be time to consider trying acupuncture for chronic fatigue.
Dementia
A group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities, significantly impairing daily functioning and quality of life.
Dementia refers to chronic acquired progressive intellect syndrome. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by slowly appearing intellectual decline, accompanied by varying degrees of personality changes. It is a group of clinical syndromes, not an independent disease.
There are many causes of dementia, mainly divided into degenerative dementia and non-degenerative dementia.
1. Central nervous system degenerative diseases
Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Prion disease (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, CJD, which is the main type), Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease
2. Non-degenerative dementia
(1) Vascular dementia.
(2) Space-occupying lesions: tumors, chronic subdural hematomas, chronic brain abscesses.
(3) Infection: Meningoencephalitis, neurosyphilis, AIDS dementia, Ruan protein disease.
(4) Traumatic brain dementia.
(5) Normal intracranial pressure hydrocephalus.
(6) Endocrine and metabolic disorders â‘ Endocrine disorders, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, hypoglycemia. â‘¡ Liver failure, kidney failure, and lung failure. â‘¢ Chronic electrolyte disturbance. â‘£ Hematoporphyria. ⑤ Vitamin deficiency: lack of vitamin B1, niacin, folic acid, vitamin B12, etc.
(7) Poisoning, hypoxia (alcohol, heavy metals, carbon monoxide, drugs, hypoxia, etc.).
(8) Paraneoplastic syndrome.
Clinical manifestations
The occurrence of dementia is slow and hidden. Memory loss is the main core symptom. Near memory, impairment appears in the early stage, and the ability to learn new things is significantly reduced. In severe cases, there is even no way to go home. With the further development of the disease, distant memory is also impaired. Thinking slowly and poorly, understanding and judgment of general things are getting worse and worse, attention is gradually impaired, and disorientation of time, place, and characters may appear, and sometimes they cannot write or recognize characters.
Another early symptom of dementia is a decline in the ability to learn new knowledge and master new skills. His abstract thinking, generalization, comprehensive analysis, and judgment abilities are progressively diminishing. Impairment of memory and judgment can cause certain obstacles, and the patient loses time, place, character, and even his own recognition ability. Therefore, they often do not distinguish between day and night, do not know the way home, or roam without purpose.
In terms of emotions, patients may experience emotional instability early and gradually become indifferent and slow as the disease progresses. Sometimes emotions lose control and become superficial and changeable. Appears anxious, depressed, passive, or indifferent, or furious, easy to cry and laugh, unable to control.
Some patients may change their personalities first. It usually shows decreased interest, poor initiative, and social withdrawal, but it can also show disinhibited behaviors, such as impulsivity, naive behavior, and so on. The patient’s social function is impaired, and the work he is familiar with cannot be completed. In the late stage of life, he cannot take care of himself, and his motor function is gradually lost, and he even needs help from others for dressing, bathing, eating, and urinating, and defecation. Even mania, hallucinations, etc. appear.
Diagnose
Objective evidence indicates that there is short-term or episodic memory impairment. For patients with suspected dementia, check blood routine, serum calcium, phosphorus, blood sugar, kidney, liver, and thyroid function, blood vitamin B12 and folic acid, and syphilis serum screening. Nervous system imaging examinations can also be done according to clinical needs to determine the cause. Physical examination is also very important. Most patients with dementia caused by intracranial diseases often have signs of localization of the nervous system.
Diziness
Dizziness is a common brain dysfunction and one of the common clinical symptoms. Feeling dizzy, swollen, head-heavy, shaking in the brain, vertigo, etc. Dizziness can be caused by many reasons, the most common are febrile diseases, hypertension, cerebral arteriosclerosis, craniocerebral trauma syndrome, neurosis and so on.
The common causes of dizziness are as follows:
1. Nervous system disease
Such as cerebral ischemic disease, cerebellar disease, brain disease, brain trauma, certain types of epilepsy, etc. In addition, patients with autonomic dysfunction and certain neuroses often feel dizzy.
2. Ear disease
If the ear disease affects the balance and causes dizziness.
3. Internal Medicine Diseases
Such as hypertension, hypotension, various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, anemia, infection, poisoning, hypoglycemia, etc.
4. Cold
Sometimes a cold may cause dizziness.
5. Cervical bone degeneration
Due to long-term poor posture or poor sleeping posture, cervical spine hyperplasia, deformation, and degeneration, neck muscles are strained, arterial blood supply is blocked, brain blood supply is insufficient, which is the main cause of dizziness. Often neck tightness, limited flexibility, occasional pain, scalp finger numbness, coldness, shoulder pain, heaviness, and even nausea, palpitation and other symptoms.
6. Anemia
If dizziness is accompanied by fatigue and paleness, the possibility of anemia should be considered. Patients with dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, and chronic inflammatory diseases can all develop anemia secondary to.
7. High blood viscosity
Hyperlipidemia, thrombocytosis, etc. can increase blood viscosity and slow blood flow, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain, prone to symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and fatigue. At present, the incidence of this type of disease is on the rise.
8. Cerebral Arteriosclerosis
The patient feels dizzy, and often suffers from insomnia, tinnitus, emotional instability, forgetfulness, and numbness of the limbs. Cerebral arteriosclerosis reduces the inner diameter of cerebral blood vessels and decreases blood flow in the brain, resulting in insufficient blood supply and oxygen supply to the brain, causing dizziness. The clinical features are the three major symptoms of dizziness, sleep disturbance, and memory loss, as well as parieto-occipital headache, paresis, speech disorders, emotional irritability and other manifestations. Generally, the disease progresses slowly. The characteristic of this type of dizziness is that it is easy to appear or occur during postural changes. Aggravate.
9. Heart disease, coronary heart disease
In the early stage of the disease, the symptoms are still mild. Some people may not have significant discomforts such as chest tightness, palpitations, or shortness of breath, but only feel headache, dizziness, weakness of the limbs, difficulty concentrating, tinnitus or forgetfulness. Cardiac arrest, paroxysmal tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation and other heart diseases can cause acute cerebral ischemia, manifesting dizziness, vertigo, stomach upset, syncope, etc.
10. Drug poisoning
It is more common to be poisoned by streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. In addition to dizziness, patients also have sensory deafness caused by dizziness and cochlear nerve damage. Chronic lead poisoning is mostly manifested as neurasthenia syndrome, with dizziness, headache, insomnia, forgetfulness, fatigue, and dreams as the main symptoms, as well as decreased body temperature and loss of appetite.
11. Functional hypoglycemia
It can also cause dizziness, palpitation, weakness, tremors when fasting or exerting force, sometimes convulsions, loss of consciousness, etc. During emotional stress or hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis may occur due to increased carbon dioxide emissions, hypoxia in brain cells, causing dizziness and fatigue, and the patient may feel numbness in the face, hands and feet, and sometimes trance.
12. Vascular suppressive dizziness
It is often triggered by emotional tension, pain, fear, bleeding, hot weather, fatigue, cavities, and insomnia. Patients often have autonomic disorders such as dizziness, dizziness, nausea, upper abdominal discomfort, pale complexion, and cold sweats. At that time, the blood pressure dropped and the pulse was weak. Vasostatic dizziness is more common in frail young women. Orthostatic hypotension refers to dizziness, vertigo, soft legs, dizziness, and even fainting when standing, often accompanied by sweating, and dysfunction.
Dizziness can be treated from the cause and combined with physical, diet, and traditional Chinese medicine.
Check for orthostatic hypotension. Ask for a history of hypertension and hypoglycemia. Instruct the patient to lie down, measure vital signs every 15 minutes, and give intravenous fluids. Give medication when necessary.
If there is hyperventilation, ask the patient to cover his nose and breathe with his hands or cover his breathing with a bag; if he is dizzy when standing, ask the patient to lie down and rest, and then stand slowly. People with carotid artery allergies should avoid wearing clothing that restricts the movement of the neck. Patients with ischemic attacks or insufficient blood supply to the basilar artery should turn their heads slowly and actively undergo standardized treatment.
Depression
A mood disorder with persistent feelings of sadness, low energy, and disinterest, which impacts both emotional and physical health.
Depression characteristics are: low mood, slow thinking, reduced language movements and sluggishness. Its onset forms: mild depression, depression without psychotic symptoms, depression with psychotic symptoms, and recurrent depression.
symptoms
Depressive episodes are disease states characterized by depression. Its characteristics are: low mood, slow thinking, reduced language movements and sluggishness. Its onset forms: mild depression, depression without psychotic symptoms, depression with psychotic symptoms, and recurrent depression. The core symptoms of depression include low mood or mood, lack of interest, and loss of pleasure. The diagnosis of depression should include at least one of these three symptoms.
upset
The patient experiences depression and sadness. The mood tone is low and gloomy. Patients often complain that they are in a bad mood and cannot be happy. Patients with depression can often distinguish between the pessimism and sadness they experience in a state of depression and the sadness caused by the loss of relatives and friends. This is the “special nature of depression” that is often mentioned in the diagnosis. It is the difference. One of the symptoms of “primitive” and “reactive” depression.
On the basis of a depressive episode, the patient will feel hopeless, helpless and useless.
Depression hazards
1. Push people to a desperate situation
The most serious consequences are the appearance of self-harm and suicidal thoughts and behaviors of patients. Depressive moods can cause depression patients to think negatively and pessimistically. They are always immersed in self-condemnation, low self-esteem, and pessimism and hopelessness about their future.
2. Continuous physical torture
The harm is not only the damage to mental health, but it also brings a lot of physical symptoms. Such as loss of appetite, fatigue, etc. These physical discomforts can involve various organs, and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are more common. The physical symptoms of depression patients are often unsubstantiated, and are mostly non-specific, difficult to locate, but it is not necessary to exclude physical diseases.
3. Persistent mood disorders
One of the common dangers of depression is that it makes the patient experience the most painful and bad mood. And this kind of pessimism appears without obvious external causes, so it is very difficult to solve so that the mood of patients with depression is always pessimistic and world-weary. On the other hand, depression and anxiety always accompany, represented by menopausal depression. Such patients with depression are not only depressed but also inexplicably nervous, panic and anxious.
4. Destroy the human spirit
The second manifestation of the great harm of depression is that it can turn a normal person who was full of energy into listlessness all day long, and in severe cases, it will appear dull. In addition, patients with depression have no interest in everything around them, have no enthusiasm for work and study, have slow thoughts, and become rude by being neat and tidy.
5. Deprive people of sleep
Depression patients often have intractable sleep disorders, manifested in the form of insomnia, difficulty falling asleep, waking up early, disordered sleep patterns, and poor sleep quality.
Fatigue/Tiredness
Persistent low energy levels that may be caused by various factors, affecting productivity and overall vitality.
Fatigue syndrome, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome, was once described as “Yuppies cold”, which is a special manifestation of sub-health. It is a syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent severe fatigue, which is often accompanied by a variety of physical and neurological symptoms such as memory loss, headache, sore throat, arthralgia, sleep disturbance, and depression.
Chronic fatigue syndrome has at least four of the following symptoms:
1. Mild fever
2. Lymph node pain
3. Frequent headaches
4. Muscle weakness
5. Muscle pain
6. Often sore throat
7. Sleep well
8. Migratory joint pain
9. Long-term fatigue after exercise
10. Have the following neurological or psychological problems: mental confusion, forgetfulness, irritability, irritability, depression, sensitivity to bright light, and inability to concentrate.
11. These symptoms started suddenly.
Clinicians often misdiagnose it as neurasthenia, menopausal syndrome, endocrine disorders, neurosis, etc., delaying treatment.
Shiatsu therapy
Pressing League points can enhance immunity and lung function. This is confined to the radial side of the forearm, and the creases on the wrist are two fingers wide, press tightly for 1 minute, and then repeat on the other arm.
Pressing the sea of qi can increase the body’s energy reserves. Gradually press deeply with your index finger until you feel resistance. And lasts for 1 minute.
To relieve muscle pain, you can press Hegu with your left finger for 1 minute with your right thumb. It is confined between the thumb and index finger of the left hand and then repeated on the right hand. Do not apply if you are pregnant.
Pressing Zusanli can enhance immunity and increase body vitality. This can be found on the outside of the 4 finger broad bones under the patella. You can verify this by flexing a muscle to bulge up. Press with your thumb for one minute.
Mind and body treatment
Stress can make the fatigue associated with chronic fatigue syndrome worse. It can also weaken your immune system, which makes it more difficult for you to recover from the disease. Various relaxation techniques such as meditation, biofeedback, and guided imagination are all beneficial to alleviating this mental stress.
Insomnia
Difficulty falling or staying asleep, leading to decreased sleep quality, daytime fatigue, mood disturbances, and reduced cognitive function.
Cause
Insomnia can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary according to the etiology.
1. Primary insomnia
Usually, there is no clear cause, or the symptoms of insomnia remain after excluding the cause of insomnia, which mainly include psychophysiological insomnia, idiopathic insomnia and subjective insomnia. The diagnosis of primary insomnia lacks specific indicators and is mainly a diagnosis of exclusion. When the cause of insomnia is eliminated or cured, it can be considered as primary insomnia when the symptoms of insomnia remain. Psychophysiological insomnia has been found clinically and its etiology can be traced to the effect of a certain or long-term event on the functional stability of the limbic system of the patient. The imbalance of the stability of limbic system function eventually leads to the disorder of brain sleep function and the occurrence of insomnia.
2. Secondary insomnia
Including insomnia caused by physical diseases, mental disorders, drug abuse, etc., as well as insomnia related to sleep-disordered breathing and sleep movement disorders. Insomnia often occurs at the same time as other diseases. Sometimes it is difficult to determine the causal relationship between these diseases and insomnia. Therefore, in recent years, the concept of comorbid insomnia has been proposed to describe those insomnia accompanied by other diseases.
Clinical manifestations
The clinical manifestations of patients with insomnia mainly include the following:
1. Disorders in the sleep process
Difficulty falling asleep decreased sleep quality and reduced sleep time.
2. Daytime cognitive dysfunction
Decreased memory function, decreased attention function, and decreased planning function may lead to daytime sleepiness, decreased work ability, and daytime sleepiness when you stop working.
3. Disorders of autonomic nerves in and around the limbic system
The cardiovascular system is manifested by chest tightness, palpitations, unstable blood pressure, and peripheral vasoconstriction and expansion disorders; the digestive system is manifested by constipation or diarrhea, and stomach fullness; the motor system is manifested by the neck and shoulder muscle tension, headache and low back pain. The ability to control emotions is reduced, and it is easy to get angry or unhappy; men are prone to impotence, and women often have symptoms such as decreased sexual function.
4. Other system symptoms
Prone to short-term weight loss, reduced immune function and endocrine dysfunction.
Diagnosis
The “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Insomnia in Adults in China” formulate the diagnostic criteria for insomnia in Chinese adults: â‘ Insomnia manifests difficulty falling asleep, falling asleep more than 30 minutes; â‘¡Sleep quality declines in sleep quality, sleep maintenance disorders, awakenings throughout the night ≥ 2 times, early Wake-up and sleep quality decline; â‘¢Total sleep time Total sleep time decreases, usually less than 6 hours.
On the basis of the above symptoms, it is accompanied by daytime dysfunction. Sleep-related daytime functional impairments include: ①fatigue or general malaise; ② loss of attention, attention maintenance or memory; ③ decline in learning, work and/or social skills; ④ mood swings or irritability; ⑤ day thinking Sleep; ⑥ Loss of interest and energy; ⑦ Increased tendency to make mistakes during work or driving; ⑧ Tension, headache, dizziness, or other physical symptoms related to lack of sleep; ⑨ Excessive attention to sleep.
Insomnia is classified according to the course of the disease: â‘ Acute insomnia, course of disease<1 month; â‘¡Subacute insomnia, course of disease ≥1 month,<6 months; â‘¢Chronic insomnia, course of disease ≥6 months.
The standard process and clinical path for diagnosing insomnia are as follows:
1. Medical history collection
Clinicians should carefully ask about the medical history, including specific sleep conditions, medication history, and possible substance dependence, and perform physical examination and mental and psychological status assessment. The specific content of the sleep status data acquisition includes the manifestations of insomnia, the regularity of work and rest, sleep-related symptoms, and the impact of insomnia on daytime functions. Medical history data can be collected through multiple methods such as self-rating scale tools, family sleep records, symptom screening forms, mental screening tests, and family member statements. The recommended medical history collection process (1 ~ 7 are necessary evaluation items, 8 is the recommended evaluation item) is as follows:
(1) Through a systematic review, it is clear whether there are diseases such as the nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system and endocrine system, as well as other types of physical diseases, such as skin itching and chronic pain;
(2) Determine whether the patient has mood disorders, anxiety disorders, memory disorders, and other mental disorders through questioning;
(3) Review the history of drug or substance use, especially the history of abuse of antidepressants, central stimulant drugs, analgesics, sedatives, theophylline drugs, steroids, alcohol and other psychoactive substances;
(4) Review the overall sleep status in the past 2 to 4 weeks, including the latency to fall asleep (the time from going to bed to falling asleep), the number of awakenings during sleep, duration, and total sleep time. It should be noted that the average estimated value should be used when inquiring the above parameters. It is not advisable to use the sleep status and experience of a single night as the diagnosis basis; it is recommended to use a body movement sleep monitor for a 7-day sleep assessment;
(5) For sleep quality assessment, you can use Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQJ) questionnaire and other scale tools. It is recommended to use a body movement sleep monitor for 7-day sleep assessment, and a finger pulse oximetry monitor to monitor night blood oxygen;
(6) Evaluate daytime function through consultation or with the help of scale tools, and exclude other diseases that damage daytime function;
(7) It is carried out for patients with sleepiness during the day, combined with a consultation to screen for sleep-disordered breathing and other sleep disorders;
(8) Before the first system assessment, the patient and family members should assist in completing a 2-week sleep diary, recording the daily bedtime, estimating sleep latency, recording the number of night awakenings and the time of each awakening, and recording the time from going to bed to waking up Estimate the actual sleep time based on the morning awakening time, calculate the sleep efficiency (ie actual sleep time/bed time × 100%), record the nighttime abnormal symptoms (abnormal breathing, behavior, exercise, etc.), daytime energy and The extent to which social functions are affected, and the lunch break. Day-time medication and self-experience.
Mental/Emotional disorders
A broad category including mood, anxiety, and behavioral disorders, each impacting mental resilience and emotional stability. Mental diseases are usually divided into two categories: “organic” mental disorders and “functional” mental disorders. However, it should be noted that the distinction between organic and functional is only relative and conditional. With the development of science and technology, we have been involved in the genetics and biochemistry of many “functional” mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and mood disorders. And pathology and other studies have found pathological changes in the nervous system.
Also known as “emotional disorder” or “mood disorder”. Refers to the exaggeration, confusion, and decline of normal emotional reactions. To determine whether the emotional response is normal or morbid, it needs to be based on the following three conditions, that is, whether the intensity of the emotional response, the duration of the emotional response, and whether it is consistent with the environment.
Causes
There are many pathogenic factors: congenital heredity, personality characteristics and physical factors, organic factors, social environmental factors and so on. Many patients with mental disorders have delusions, hallucinations, delusions, emotional disturbances, impermanence in crying and laughing, talking to themselves, behaving strangely, and loss of will. The vast majority of patients lack self-control, do not admit that they are sick, and do not actively seek help from a doctor. Common mental illnesses include schizophrenia, manic-depressive mental disorders, menopausal mental disorders, paranoid mental disorders, and mental disorders associated with various organic diseases.
Cause
The main cause of the emotional disorder is that the rapid changes in external activities and social conditions that trigger changes in emotional activities exceed the range that human psychological activities can tolerate. In addition, the breakdown of the first link in the neurological structure and neurohumoral system at different levels, heredity, disease, and poor education in childhood can also cause emotional disorders.
The occurrence of emotional or emotional disorders has a certain relationship with illegal and criminal behaviors and can trigger behaviors that seriously endanger social security. For example, when emotions are elevated and euphoria is accompanied by hypersexuality, sexual criminal activities can occur; emotional outbursts and pathological passions can trigger aggressive behaviors or damage to objects, and even lead to vicious homicides.
Generally speaking, the emotional and emotional disorders that cause serious harm to social security behaviors mainly include â‘ high emotions; â‘¡ euphoria; â‘¢ emotional outbursts; â‘£ pathological passions, etc. For example, when emotions are elevated and euphoria is accompanied by hypersexuality, sexual criminal activities can occur; emotional outbursts and pathological passions can trigger aggressive behaviors or damage to objects, and even lead to vicious homicides.
Postnatal/Partum depression
Depression occurring after childbirth, characterized by emotional lows, fatigue, and a sense of detachment that affects new mothers.
Postpartum depression refers to women who have obvious depressive symptoms or typical depressive episodes during the puerperium. It belongs to the puerperal psychiatric syndrome, which is the same as postpartum restlessness and postpartum psychosis.
The incidence rate is 15% to 30%. The typical postpartum depression occurs within 6 weeks after delivery and can recover on its own within 3 to 6 months, but it can also last for 1 to 2 years in severe cases, and there is a recurrence rate of 20% to 30% in the second pregnancy. Its clinical features are not significantly different from other time depressive episodes.
Cause
1. Biological factors
(1) Endocrine factors During the process of pregnancy and childbirth, the endocrine environment in the body has undergone great changes, especially in the 24 hours postpartum, the rapid changes in hormone levels in the body are the biological basis for the occurrence of postpartum depression. Studies have found that the release of placental steroids before labor reaches the highest value, and the patient is happy; the patient is depressed when the secretion of placental steroids suddenly decreases after childbirth.
(2) Genetic factors There is a high incidence of postpartum depression in women who have a family history of psychosis, especially those with a family history of depression.
(3) Obstetric factors The prenatal mentality is related to the onset of postpartum depression. During childbirth, postpartum complications, dystocia, delayed labor, use of assisted reproductive technology, the long first stage of labor, vaginal delivery, surgery, etc. will all affect the lying-in woman Bring tension and fear, leading to increased physical and psychological stress, and induce postpartum depression.
(4) Physical disease factors Parturients with physical disease or disability have developed postpartum depression, especially infection and fever have a certain influence on the onset of postpartum depression. In addition, the susceptibility of central nervous function, the influence of emotional and motor information processing and regulation systems (such as dopamine) may be related to the occurrence of postpartum depression.
2. Psychosocial factors
Maternal personality characteristics, insufficient mental preparation before delivery, poor adjustment after delivery, the poor mood in the early postpartum period, insufficient sleep, excessive fatigue in caring for the baby, young maternal age, discordance between husband and wife, lack of social support, family economic status, the attitude of medical staff during delivery, Infant gender and health status, etc., are closely related to the occurrence of postpartum depression.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A disorder that develops after traumatic experiences, causing flashbacks, anxiety, and emotional numbing that disrupt daily life.
Post-traumatic stress disorder refers to the individual’s experience, witness, or experience of one or more actual deaths involving himself or others, or threats of death, or serious injuries, or physical integrity threatened, resulting in individual delays The emergence and persistence of mental disorders. There are different reports on the incidence of PTSD, and women are more likely to develop PTSD than men.
Cause
The occurrence of PTSD is related to many factors. These factors are mainly divided into family and psychosocial factors (such as gender, age, race, marital status, economic status, social status, work status, education level, stressful life events, personality Characteristics, defense methods, childhood trauma, domestic violence, war, social support, etc.) and biological factors (such as genetic factors, neuroendocrine factors, neurobiochemical factors, etc.). Among them, major traumatic events are the basic conditions for the onset of PTSD, which are extremely unpredictable.
Clinical manifestations
The core symptoms of PTSD have three groups, namely, traumatic re-experience symptoms, avoidance and numbness symptoms, and increased alertness symptoms. However, the clinical manifestations of children and adults are not exactly the same, and some symptoms are unique to children.
1. Traumatic re-experiencing symptoms
It is mainly manifested in the patient’s thinking, memory or dreams that repeatedly and involuntarily emerge from trauma-related situations or content. There may also be severe emotional reactions to the scene, and even the feeling that the traumatic event seems to happen again.
2. Avoidance and numbness symptoms
Mainly manifested as patients’ long-term or persistent efforts to avoid events or situations related to the traumatic experience, refusal to participate in related activities, avoiding the location of the trauma or people or events related to the trauma, some patients even have selective forgetting and cannot recall Details of incidents related to trauma.
3. Symptoms of increased alertness
The main manifestations are hypervigilance and increased startle response, which may be accompanied by inattention, increased agitation and anxiety.
4. Other symptoms
Some patients may also show abuse of addictive substances, aggressive behavior, self-harm or suicidal behavior, etc. These behaviors are often the performance of the patient’s psychological behavior coping style. At the same time, depressive symptoms are also common accompanying symptoms in many PTSD patients.
5. Symptoms and characteristics of PTSD in children
Children’s traumatic re-experience symptoms can be manifested as nightmares, repeated performance of traumatic events, playing trauma-related theme games, emotional agitation or sadness when faced with related prompts, etc.; avoidance symptoms in children often manifest as separation anxiety, Being clingy and unwilling to leave their parents; high alertness symptoms in children often manifest as excessive startle reactions, high vigilance, attention disorders, irritability or anger, difficulty falling asleep, etc. And children of different ages may have different performances of PTSD.